Faringitis, Diagnose and Treatment

 

 

 

Diagnose for Faringitis is based on symptoms and physical examination results. If a sore throat is suspected, the examination can be done to check sample mucus from throat.

Medicine

To reduce the painful throat given sedative (analgetik) or rinse with warm saline solution. Aspirin should not be given to children and teenagers aged under 18 years because it can cause Reye syndrome.

If the suspected cause is bacterial, antibiotics are given. To overcome the infection and prevent complications (such as fever, rheumatism), if it streptokokus, given penicillin tablets.

If the patient has allergy to penicillin can be replaced with erythromycin or other antibiotics.

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Faringitis (sore throat)

Faringitis is an inflammation of the throat (faring). The cause faringitis are 1.faringitis virus  2.faringitis bacteria.

Faringitis may be caused by viruses or bacteria. Most are caused by viruses, including viruses cause common cold, flu, adenovirus, or mononukleosis HIV. The bacteria that cause faringitis is streptokokus group A, korinebakterium, arkanobakterium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia pneumoniae.

Whether the infection of virus and bacteria, the same symptoms, namely cough, sore throat and painful swallow. Mucous coat of inflammation faring experience heavy or light and closed by a membrane white color or can be pus.

Other symptoms include: - fever - lymph gland enlargement in the neck - the increased number of white blood cell. Symptoms can be found in the infection because the virus or bacteria, but is more typical symptoms from infection due to bacteria.

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What is sinusitis?

Sinusitis (also called "rhinosinusitis") is an inflammation of the sinus membranes that can be infectious (caused by a virus or bacteria) or non-infectious (often caused by allergies). Sinusitis is a swelling of the inner lining of the sinuses.

 

The sinuses are the spaces between the bones in the face where air passes and where a fluid called mucus drains into the nose. In sinusitis, the swelling blocks the openings in the sinuses through which mucus drains into the nose.

When mucus cannot drain properly, the pressure of the blocked fluid inside the sinuses can be painful. Sinusitis is quite common. It feels much like a head cold, with a stuffy or runny nose and a headache.

For most people, sinusitis is a temporary condition that goes away with simple treatment. If the symptoms do not clear up easily, medication can help. In rare cases, surgery may bring permanent relief.

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Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (say: too-burr-cue-low-sis), also called TB, is an infection caused by a bacteria (germ).Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease usually affecting the lungs (pulmonary TB). Other parts of the body can also be affected, for example lymph nodes, kidneys, bones, joints, etc. (extrapulmonary TB). It can lead to serious complications and even death, especially if the body is weakened by other health problems.

It's a very common cause of death in less developed parts of the world. Approximately 1,300 cases are reported each year in New York State. Number of people with Tuberculosis (TB) in Indonesia is the third highest in the world after China and India. This achievement is not glory. Based on the results of the survey, from 100 thousand inhabitants on average there are 130 inhabitants with the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

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Influenza

Influenza is a viral infection that affects mainly the upper respiratory tract by the influenza virus. The "upper respiratory tract" includes: the nasal passages, eustachian tubes, sinuses, pharynx, and larynx.

Infection usually lasts for about a week, and is characterized by sudden onset of high fever, aching muscles, headache and severe malaise, non-productive cough, sore throat and rhinitis.

Influenza is a common infectious condition and may occur at any age but is more common and serious in the elderly.

The virus is transmitted easily from person to person via droplets and small particles produced when infected people cough or sneeze. Influenza tends to spread rapidly in seasonal epidemics.

Most infected people recover within one to two weeks without requiring medical treatment. The condition is worse in patients with underlying lung conditions such as asthma or smoking or those with other chronic medical conditions or reduced immunity.

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Dengue Fever

Dengue fever is a disease caused by a family of viruses that are transmitted by mosquitoes. Transmitted from human to human or from primate to human by the female Aedes aegypti mosquito.

 

Dengue fever is a benign acute febrile syndrome occurring in tropical regions. In a small proportion of cases, the virus causes increased vascular permeability that leads to a bleeding diathesis or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) known as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF).

 

The presence (the "dengue triad") of fever, rash, and headache (and other pains) is particularly characteristic of dengue.

In 20-30% of DHF cases, the patient develops shock, known as the dengue shock syndrome (DSS).

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Typhoid Fever

Typhoid fever is a bacterial disease, caused by Salmonella typhi.

It is transmitted through the ingestion of food or drink contaminated by the faeces or urine of infected people.

The organism is then spread via the lymphatics while inside the macrophages.

Symptoms usually develop 1–3 weeks after exposure, and may be mild or severe. They include high fever, malaise, headache, constipation or diarrhoea, rose-coloured spots on the chest, and enlarged spleen and liver.

Typhoid fever can be treated with antibiotics. However, resistance to common antimicrobials is widespread.

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What is Fever ?

Fever (also known as pyrexia, from the Greek pyretos meaning fire, or a febrile response, from the Latin word febris, meaning fever) is a frequent medical sign that describes an increase in internal body temperature to levels above normal. Fever is most accurately characterized as a temporary elevation in the body's thermoregulatory set-point, usually by about 1–2 °C (1.8-3.6 °F).

Fever is caused by an elevation in the thermoregulatory set-point, causing typical body temperature (generally and problematically considered to be 37 °C ±1 °C, or approximately 99 ±2 °F) to rise, and effector mechanisms are enacted as a result.

A feverish individual has a general feeling of cold despite an increased body temperature, and increases in heart rate, muscle tone and shivering, all of which are caused by the body's attempts to counteract the newly-perceived hypothermia and reach the new thermoregulatory set-point.

Fever differs from hyperthermia in that hyperthermia is an increase in body temperature over the body's thermoregulatory set-point, due to excessive heat production or insufficient thermoregulation, or both.

A fever is considered one of the body's immune mechanisms to attempt a neutralization of a perceived threat inside the body, be it bacterial or viral.

Carl Wunderlich discovered that fever is not a disease, but the body's response to a disease.

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Brazilian Model Died at 20th After Amputee

(CNN) -- Brazilian model Mariana Bridi da Costa, whose hands and feet were amputated in a bid to save her from a deadly and little-known illness, died early Saturday, two friends of the model told CNN.

Brazilian model Mariana Bridi da Costa died Saturday after undergoing multiple amputations.

"Unfortunately Mari couldn't resist any longer. She passed away at 3 a.m. today," Henrique Fontes, executive director of Miss World Brazil, said in an e-mail to CNN.

Da Costa, 20, had fought a pernicious disease that has ravaged her body and forced doctors to perform the amputations and extract part of her stomach as well as both kidneys.

She had been breathing through a respirator, officials at Dorio Silva Hospital in the Brazilian state of Espirito Santo said Friday.

Da Costa was first diagnosed as suffering a urinary tract infection. By the time the infection was detected, it had developed into septicemia.

Doctors decided to amputate first her hands and then her feet after the condition reduced the amount of oxygen being delivered to her limbs.

Just less than one month ago, da Costa was a healthy young woman well on the way to achieving her dream of becoming a world class model.

She placed sixth in the Miss Bikini International competition in China last year and took first place for the "Best in Swimsuit" category. In 2007 and 2008, she came fourth in the contest to become Brazil's entrant for the Miss World pageant.

Simoes told CNN that da Costa woke up from a coma 10 days ago and told him how much she wanted to be alive.

"She told me she was praying to stay alive, that she still had a lot to do on this earth, that she wanted to go on with her plans," he said.

"The whole world, I repeat, the whole world is touched by the case of Mariana," it said.



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